原文发表于《 Wallpaper卷宗 》之《罪案与建筑:英国早期现代主义建筑中的凶案与悬疑》。
“不可思议的窃贼”一案缘起于一通匿名的电话,而由Berthold Lubetkin设计的、位于伦敦动物园中的企鹅池则成为了Poirot与委托人相约的会面地点,案件的序幕在此徐徐拉开。企鹅池是俄裔建筑师Berthold Lubetkin在流亡英国之后的第一件作品。尽管面积不大,这座完成于1934年的企鹅池却是英国现代主义运动的标志性建筑。它既是来自欧洲大陆的新的建筑风格在英国的初次亮相,也通过和结构师Ove Arup的通力合作,展现出钢筋混凝土的丰富的结构表现力。
企鹅池的造型设计受到了三十年代流行的 “行为主义”思潮的影响,即动物行为往往源于外部环境的塑造。这一小小的椭圆池不仅是企鹅们的日常生活居所,通过饶有趣味的空间来引导企鹅的行为,也为动物园的参观者们构成一个观看的舞台。由此,一对互相交错、似乎悬空的螺旋坡道成为了整个设计的点睛之笔。这两段长约14米的坡道仅仅在靠近池壁处由较为隐蔽的柱子支撑,而后便优雅地悬浮于半空中,缓缓延伸至水面。为了满足坡道自身及载重企鹅的结构要求,结构师决定采用现浇混凝土板,通过角向预埋的钢筋来抵抗结构受力的扭矩。坡道的厚度从截面中点最厚的15厘米逐渐向两侧递减至7.6厘米,在视觉上呈现出极致的轻巧之感。
大获成功的企鹅池使得Arup成为了彼时炙手可热的混凝土结构专家,也为Lubetkin赢得了包括后文将要提到的Highpoint公寓在内的诸多项目。甚至,双螺旋坡道的空间模型也构成了西班牙建筑师Campo Beaza的安达卢西亚记忆博物馆的庭院的灵感源泉。
now I have backed to my dormitory, that is not so much difficult to judge that this trip is really long and tried. but fortunately it is quite worth.
well now I can say that I have already saw a lot about the UK especially the North of the UK.
one of my friend, Yi Wen maybe has to leave and back, he is very upset about that, yesterday I tried to cheer him up.
well today is the Christmas Day, but the train still struck, and many views closed, so I choose to stay in my apartment. but after this Christmas I plan to travel again.
during this travel sometimes I missed this TV production very much, now I continue to watch it.